A. Dearle, J. Rosenbergr, F. Henkens, F. Vaughan, and K. Maciunas. An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object System. In 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Services, volume 1, pages 779-789. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992.  @ NUS  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....for system resources. Numerous persistent object systems run at the operating system level. The operating system can use the page access patterns of running codelets to determine which pages of memory need to be made persistent. This is the approach taken by such persistent systems as Grasshopper [28], KeyKOS [39] and others. Similar approaches are taken by software distributed shared memory systems [65] to propagate changes. Finally, Howell [47] describes an implementation of Java persistence which operates above the operating system but below the language run time system. A more complete ....

A. Dearle, J. Rosenberg, F. Henskens, F. Vaughan, and K. Maciunas. An examination of operating system support for persistent object systems. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pages 779--789, 1992.

....system resources. Numerous persistent object systems operate at the operating system level. The operating system can use the page access patterns of running codelets to determine which pages of memory need to be made persistent. This is the approach taken by such persistent systems as Grasshopper [12], KeyKOS [15] and others. Similar approaches are taken by software distributed shared memory systems [30] to propagate changes. Finally, Howell [19] describes an implementation of Java persistence which operates above the operating system but below the language runtime. A more complete discussion ....

A. Dearle, J. Rosenberg, F. Henskens, F. Vaughan, and K. Maciunas. An examination of operating system support for persistent object systems. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pages 779--789, 1992.

....objects over the network. Persistent objects discussions seems to be aimed at how to store objects without loosing too much in performance. All in all, there is much emphasis on how and not so much on what to do. The research on objects are on varying levels of detail. Some suggest kernel support [2] for persistent objects and others deal with more abstract reasoning on how to name objects in a global network [19] Spring Spring is an experimental distributed environment developed at Sun Microsystems. It consists of a distributed operating system and a support framework for distributed ....

Dearle, A., Rosenberg, J., Henskens F., Vaughan, F., Maciunas, K. "An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems", Proceedings of the 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, vol 1, 1992.

....based on a special purpose hardware architecture. In the area of general persistent programming PS Algol[16] E[29] Napier88 [11] Texas[33] may be mentioned. In the operating systems area systems like Grasshopper[12] Choices[6] Chorus Cool2 [1] and Clouds[10] support persistent programming ([13] gives an analysis on operating system support for 16 persistence) whereas Monads[30] provides a single level persistent store based on special hardware features. Robust distributed programming is addressed by Argus[22] Arjuna[14] Aeolus[20] Distributed Eiffel[17] whereas shared object ....

A. Dearle, J. Rosenberg, F. Henskens, F. Vaughn, and K. Maciunas. An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems. In Proceedings of the 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, USA, 1992.

....is referenced, it is more efficient to lock its larger chunks than do fine level locking on its each element. Treating the flow of the persistent objects either with the help of underlying hardware or without it discuss in more detail 2.4. 2. Persistency in Operating Systems The main idea of [1] is to define fundamental features of a persistent operating system that according to authors does not exist yet. Based upon studying the whole bunch of persistent like systems and programming languages, the authors of [1] drew out the following requirements: 2.1 Orthogonal Persistence ....

....in more detail 2.4. 2.Persistency in Operating Systems The main idea of [1] is to define fundamental features of a persistent operating system that according to authors does not exist yet. Based upon studying the whole bunch of persistent like systems and programming languages, the authors of [1] drew out the following requirements: 2.1 Orthogonal Persistence Traditionally, when a data object (which is an abstract data type) need to be made persistent it is somehow converted in a file (which is a different abstract data type ) and as a file stored. Thus, file is the only persistency ....

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Dearle, A., Rosenberg, J., Henskens, F.: An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems

....languages to retrieve persistent data from disk secondary memory. Orthogonal persistence means that the lifetime of an object is determined by its accessibility from a persistent root and not by declarations related to its type or by special actions necessary to its creation [Crawley 91, Dearle 92] Early research work on orthogonal persistence was motivated by the consequence that the manipulation of data could not be separated from its storage class. One of the earliest systems to employ orthogonal persistence was the POMS persistent object management system for PS Algol [Cockshott 84, ....

....work on orthogonal persistence was motivated by the consequence that the manipulation of data could not be separated from its storage class. One of the earliest systems to employ orthogonal persistence was the POMS persistent object management system for PS Algol [Cockshott 84, also cited in Dearle 92] This research later led to the development of the Napier [cited in Koch 91] object oriented (OO) orthogonal persistence language by the persistence programming group at the University of St. Andrews. Research on orthogonal persistence has also been carried out by researchers at the University ....

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Alan Dearle, John Rosenberg, Frans Henskens, Francis Vaughan, and Kevin Maciunas. An examination of operating system support for persistent object systems. In Proceedings 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1992.

....earlier. However, the program cannot contain static type assertions for all the types that may be encountered as their number is unbounded. There are two possibilities for the construction of such a program: it may either be written in a lower level technology using interpretation [Kirby Dearle, 1990] or else be written using linguistic reflection. To allow a reflective solution the program must be able to discover dynamically the specific type of a value of the union type. Such functionality may be provided in a strongly typed language, without compromising type security, by defining ....

Dearle, A., Rosenberg, J., Henskens, F.A., Vaughan, F. & Maciunas, K.J., 1992b. An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems. In Proc. 25th International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii pp 779-789.

....after the more interestingly named quarks. An excellent source of information about quarks and other subatomic particles can be found on the Web on the Particle Adventure Home Page at http: pdg.lbl.gov cpep adventure home.html. 2. Persistent Operating Systems A persistent operating system [19], is defined as an operating system designed expressly for the support of orthogonal persistence. The four principle requirements of such an operating system are as follows: 1. Support for persistent objects as a basic abstraction. 2. Persistent objects must be both stable and resilient. 3. ....

....4. Some form of protection must be provided to restrict access to persistent objects. The need for persistent operating systems has arisen because the construction of persistent application systems on top of conventional operating systems such as Unix, Mach, or Windows NT is prone to inefficiency [19]. This inefficiency is due to a semantic gap between the fundamental abstractions required to support orthogonal persistence and the abstractions provided by the underlying operating system. To overcome this mismatch of abstractions, it is common for the semantic gap to be bridged through the use ....

A. Dearle, J. Rosenberg, F. Henskens, F. Vaughan, and K. Maciunas. "An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems", in Proceedings of the 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Poipu Beach, Kauaii, pp. 779-789, 1992.

....be able to restrict access to objects for the same reasons that file systems contain access control mechanisms. Any operating system supporting persistence must therefore provide some protection mechanism. We term an operating system that provides these facilities a persistent operating system [17]. In this section, we examine some existing persistent systems with respect to the four requirements listed above and discuss some of the approaches taken in supporting these facilities on top of conventional operating systems. This will provide a basis for the examination of the efficacy of ....

....based controlled access to pages. 1. 4# The need for Persistent Operating Systems The need for persistent operating systems has arisen because the construction of persistent application systems on top of conventional operating systems such as Unix, Mach, or Windows NT is prone to inefficiency [17]. This inefficiency is due to a semantic gap between the fundamental abstractions required to support orthogonal persistence and the abstractions provided by the underlying operating system. To overcome this mismatch of abstractions, it is common for the semantic gap to be bridged through the use ....

A. Dearle, J. Rosenberg, F.A. Henskens, F.A. Vaughan, and K.J. Maciunas. "An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems", in Proceedings of 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Poipu Beach, Kauaii, pp. 779-789, 1992.

....to provide direct operating system support for orthogonal persistence. In each case, only those operating system features related to persistence are discussed. Section 4 analyses the lessons learned from these attempts. In particular, it examines in detail the Grasshopper Operating System [25] using the specific domain knowledge of the authors who were among the designers and implementers of this system. We attempt to extrapolate from our experiences with Grasshopper to draw some conclusions about operating system support for persistence in general. In particular we argue the ....

....3. Operating Systems Attempting to Provide Support for Persistence The need for operating systems to support persistence has arisen because the construction of persistent application systems on top of conventional operating systems such as Unix, Mach, or Windows NT is prone to inefficiency [25]. There are numerous examples of operating systems that support persistence in one form or another. Examples include MONADS [53] 35] 52] Eumul L3 [37] Clouds [18] Choices [11] KeyKOS [30] and Grasshopper [20] Each of these persistent operating systems attempts to address some or all of the ....

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A. Dearle, J. Rosenberg , F.A. Henskens, F.A. Vaughan, and K.J. Maciunas . "An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems", in Proceedings of 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Poipu Beach, Kauaii, pp. 779-789, 1992.

....in order to provide a more appropriate environment [9,17,33] These groups have encountered difficulties because of the cost of building hardware using the latest technology and the problems associated with making the results of the research available to other research groups. In Grasshopper [12,13] we have adopted a third approach which is to develop a new operating system on a conventional workstation platform. Some other research groups have also taken this route [5,6,10] We see the advantages of this approach as: workstations are cheap and readily available, their performance is ....

....groups have access to these machines and so the results of our work can be easily made available. Unfortunately, the use of workstations designed to support Unix does place some constraints on our design, particularly related to addressing issues. These problems have been discussed elsewhere [13]. Despite these difficulties we believe that it is possible to provide an efficient environment for persistent systems on conventional hardware. An important issue in the design of a persistent system is the protection mechanism. Some form of protection is necessary for two reasons: 1. to ensure ....

Dearle, A., Rosenberg, J., Henskens, F. A., Vaughan, F. and Maciunas, K. "An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems", Proceedings of the 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, vol 1, (ed V. Milutinovic and B. D. Shriver), IEEE Computer Society Press, Hawaii, U. S. A., pp. 779-789, 1992.

....using logging [4] or some shadowing technique [19] Most persistent systems are implemented either on top of a conventional operating system or employ specialised hardware. The disadvantages of the first approach are inefficiency and poor operating system support for user level memory management [14]. The second approach, while promising, limits the possibility of distributing the system to interested parties. A third alternative is to implement a system that runs directly on conventional hardware. There are a number of systems that take this approach [8, 9, 10, 21] All of these systems are, ....

....in a distributed environment. Related Work Grasshopper is not the first system to provide user level programs with facilities to perform memory management. Other notable systems include Mach [29] Chorus [1] V [15] and some versions of UNIX. 13 Experience with a number of these systems [14] has shown that they are inappropriate for conducting research into persistence. This is not surprising considering they were not designed with persistence in mind. The major reasons these systems are inappropriate are that the level of control they provide is insufficient and that they do not ....

Dearle, A., Rosenberg, J., Henskens, F. A., Vaughan, F. and Maciunas, K. "An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems", Proceedings of the 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, vol 1, Hawaii, U. S. A., ed V. Milutinovic and B. D. Shriver, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 779-789, 1992.

....It is therefore to be expected that an operating system designed to support persistence will have a different structure from a conventional operating system and will provide a different set of facilities. We can summarise the principal requirements of such an operating system as follows [21]: i. The major requirement is support for persistent objects as the basic abstraction. Persistent objects consist of data (including code) and relationships with other persistent objects; the system must therefore provide a mechanism for supporting the creation and maintenance of these objects and ....

Dearle, A., Rosenberg, J., Henskens, F. A., Vaughan, F. and Maciunas, K. "An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems", Proceedings of the 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, vol 1, (ed V. Milutinovic and B. D. Shriver), IEEE Computer Society Press, Hawaii, U. S. A., pp. 779-789, 1992.

....when sharing of arbitrary data structures between different programs (or different invocations of the same program) is required. An important implication of this is that failure should be as transparent to users as possible. To be truly persistent, an operating system must provide the following[11]: persistent objects as a basic user level abstraction . resilience of persistent objects object state must survive system crashes . persistent processes running programs need not be explicitly restarted after a crash; they should resume from a previous state . an object protection ....

Dearle, A., Rosenberg, J., Henskens, F. A., Vaughan, F. and Maciunas, K. "An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object Systems", Proceedings of the 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, vol 1, Hawaii, U. S. A., ed V. Milutinovic and B. D. Shriver, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 779-789, 1992.

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A. Dearle, J. Rosenbergr, F. Henkens, F. Vaughan, and K. Maciunas. An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object System. In 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Services, volume 1, pages 779-789. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992.

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A. Dearle, J. Rosenberg, F. Henskens, F. Vaughan, and K. Maciunas. An examination of operating system support for persistent object systems. In Proceedings of the 25th Hawaii Int. Conference on System Sciences, 1992.

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A. Dearle, J. Rosenbergr, F. Henkens, F. Vaughan, and K. Maciunas. An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object System. In 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Services, volume 1, pages 779-789. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992. Description of the First Prototypes - Part I Section B Page 45

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A. Dearle, J. Rosenbergr, F. Henkens, F. Vaughan, and K. Maciunas. An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object System. In 25th Hawaii International Conference on System Services, volume 1, pages 779-789. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992.

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A. Dearle, J. Rosenbergr, F. Henkens, F. Vaughan, and K. Maciunas. An Examination of Operating System Support for Persistent Object System. In 25 th First Year Deliverable - Part I Page 23 Hawaii International Conference on System Services, volume 1, pages 779-789. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992.

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